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Year-to-Year QB Improvement

It's common belief that players improve most from their first year to their second and then the year-to-year improvements slowly decrease from there. It makes perfect sense and following the game seems to confirm that belief based on real results. So I decided to run a little test to see if we could detect that reality in the statistics. As you'll see, the results surprised me and I'm opening it up for discussion to see what we think the explanation is.

Because I don't have comprehensive enough stats for each individual season, I used the NCAA's official statistics page. As this was partially prompted by Gene Claude's comment here, I decided to use passing efficiency numbers. The NCAA currently publishes the Top 100 in this statistic for every year going back to 2000, so I grabbed all of those player-seasons and filtered them for players that had more than one year on the lists. I then categorized the player-seasons based on the player's classification during the season in question. Finally, I compared the player's passing efficiency for the year to their passing efficiency in the previous year and averaged the results for all players in all years.

The Results:

Year Data Points Ave. Improvement Ave. Improvement (%)
So. 55 5.37 6.02
Jr. 142 3.54 3.40
Sr. 175 5.61 5.10

<i>This guy progressed the normal way</i>

This guy progressed the normal way

Interesting. The average improvement from sophomore to junior year is lower than that from freshman to sophomore year. This is not surprising and fits in nicely with the hypothesis. However, the average improvement jumps up again from junior to senior year. Why would that be? My initial guess was that my sample was simply biased with too many players that had only junior and senior years in the data. This would of course cause a situation where although they were transitioning from their junior to senior year they were also transitioning from their first year as starter to their second. So I ran the numbers again but this time only for the 22 players who had 4 years in the stat tables:

Year Ave. Improvement Ave. Improvement (%)
So. 4.54 5.42
Jr. 0.16 0.25
Sr. 6.68 5.62

Okay, that just made things more pronounced in the same direction and actually a little nonsensical given that four-year starters, on average, have basically flatlined between their sophomore and junior years. It's only 22 players, though, so we shouldn't read too much into that. At this point there's only one more way I can think of to run the numbers, and that's based not on the player's classification but on how many previous seasons they have in the tables. For this table I could only use the final stats from 2003-2008 because using the 2000-2002 numbers would have inaccurately assigned previous playing years without data from 1999 and before.

Year Data Points Ave. Improvement Ave. Improvement (%)
2nd 164 5.98 5.78
3rd 98 3.55 3.31
4th 22 6.68 5.62

<i>Colt, you did it wrong.  Get it right this year, please.</i>

Colt, you did it wrong. Get it right this year, please.

No matter how we look at it, the answer stays the same. College quarterbacks appear to improve nearly as much from their junior to senior year, or third to fourth year, as they do from their first to second year. In between, during the second to third year transition, they don't improve as much. I'm interested to see if anyone has any ideas as to why, whether they be physical, psychological, or otherwise.

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Interesting. Some times you may have 4 years of stats… but maybe not 4 years as a starter.

For example… Ced Benson was a starter his first year, but didn’t do so until about halfway through the season… and didn’t FULLY carry the load until later.

I think this in part is to coaches keeping a tighter leash (distrust) on younger QB’s and later opening up the playbook. Just look at our Backups… do they ever actually throw a pass… that mentality is probably pervasive in how freshmen & sophomores are SEEN. So that skews things slightly.

by Donny Boudreaux on Aug 28, 2009 11:47 AM CDT reply actions  

The only thing I can think of for the growth from junior to senior seasons is often, multi-year starters were the bell cow of a good recruiting class, and all of these seniors mature together. It is also a contract year for a kid that is on the brink of going to the NFL or to the coaching ranks, and they really bust their ass learning going into their senior seasons.

It would seem, however, that Colt didn’t get much better going from RS-Freshman to RS-Sophomore, and then completely bucked the trend going into his RS-Junior season. Does that mean he’ll screw up this season and buck the trend and get worse, or (if past performance of other folks is any kind of predictor, damn statistics) get a lot better? I hope it’s the latter.

Hook ’em!

by uthookem on Aug 28, 2009 11:49 AM CDT reply actions  

Donny -

That’s possible but unlikely to be a widespread problem. A minimum of 15 pass attempts per game are required to get into the NCAA rankings.

The idea on the playcalling conservatism makes sense from the perspective you’re looking at it. But I don’t think it addresses why 3rd-to-4th year improvement is greater than 2nd-to-3rd year improvement. Do the coaches give more autonomy to the 4th year player? If so and that’s a contributing factor to what we see here, should more coordinators and coaches be allowing their QBs to call plays on the field?

by Huckleberry on Aug 28, 2009 11:52 AM CDT reply actions  

Well, Colt makes two quarterbacks in a row that made huge strides between their second and third years on the field at Texas as far as throwing the ball is concerned. Maybe Greg Davis has a three-years-to-learn kind of system or something.

by Huckleberry on Aug 28, 2009 11:57 AM CDT reply actions  

Leadership is probably another aspect. Take Colt… As a freshman and sophomore we still had many players from the 05 championship team as the leaders. THEY were the ones that people rallied around.

From his sophomore to Jr year…The transition of the old guard to new guard began as all the prior leadership graduated and he was expected to pick up those reins. I imagine some growing pains were taking place.

Now as a senior, not only has he physically matured more, but also mentally. The growing pains are over.

Just a theory…. that probably accounts for a little bit of the change.

by Donny Boudreaux on Aug 28, 2009 12:05 PM CDT reply actions  

Couldn’t this also be a statistical confirmation of the mythical “Sophmore Slump”

In baseball, pitchers have problems replicating their first year success in the second year, but those who manage to improve in their third years play for a long time.

Or maybe Colt and VY were on P90x, so they never plateaued?

by AzulOx on Aug 28, 2009 12:09 PM CDT reply actions  

AzulOx -

I think you’re reading the numbers wrong. The “slump” is in their 3rd, or junior, year. The improvement from 1st to 2nd year is the biggest improvement overall. It’s that 3rd year that doesn’t yield quite the improvement you’d expect. Or the way I’m looking at it is that the 4th year is showing more improvement than I’d expect.

by Huckleberry on Aug 28, 2009 12:17 PM CDT reply actions  

Yeah, so maybe I was a Comm major that can’t read stats……..

by AzulOx on Aug 28, 2009 12:29 PM CDT reply actions  

I’ll offer an alternative:
I think that the traditional “sophmore slump” has more to do with a graduating support cast that it does with actual player regression.

I would love to see someone reseach “freshman phenoms” who then followed up with a “sophmore slump” in the following season. Cross reference that list with impact players (or an experienced O-line) that graduated between the two seasons.

For a close to home example: In 2006, Colt has a great o-line, & is annointed the next wunderkind. The next year, when we are grooming a new o-line, Colt is a pinata and predictably struggles.

by brandon97 on Aug 28, 2009 12:44 PM CDT reply actions  

I ran the numbers, and I think we can reasonably expect Colt to account for roughly 7800 yards of total offense, with ~80 touchdowns and two turnovers. Anything less should be regarded as a miserable failure, and proof of God’s non-existence.

by nordberg on Aug 28, 2009 12:54 PM CDT reply actions  

As far as Colt goes, didn’t his sophomore year coincide with an almost brand-new o-line? His frosh. year he was essentially playing behind a very experienced, NFL caliber offensive line. His sophomore year, not so much. At least, that is what I remember being said.

by Sasha is a Longhorn Dog on Aug 28, 2009 1:21 PM CDT reply actions  

Boyz II Men

by BEHorn on Aug 28, 2009 1:35 PM CDT reply actions  

I’ll go with a sense of overconfidence that leads to trying to do too much in the third year. Colt said something similar and his dropoff happening ‘a year earlier’ may be influenced by the depletion of supporting cast as mentioned above.

by uteze on Aug 28, 2009 2:09 PM CDT reply actions  

Year 1 to year 2 is about physically developing their bodies to the next level and getting adjusted to the speed. I think year 3 and year 4 is a reflection of the quarterback just being more comfortable in their skin and playing a bit looser. It’s also the end of their journey and great athletes are more likely to hit that zone when they are playing with a little more edge. Two factors contribute to that edge with an elite QB: 1. NFL prospects and 2. marking their legacy.

You really wonder if Ohio State backs off of Boekman so much if they knew this stat. He had a nice final game.

by Cincohorn on Aug 28, 2009 5:43 PM CDT reply actions  

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