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A Tech Effect?

Technical Recruiting Analysis Suggests Technical Schools Bad at Recruiting

It’d be one thing if their on-field performance lived up to the stereotype of the athletically-challenged engineer but that’s simply not the case. So then, what, if anything, explains the fact that Georgia Tech, Texas Tech, and Virginia Tech compose three of the six worst-recruiting schools in the country?

Of course I must justify my throwing down the "bad recruiter" gauntlet and explain how I arrived at a quantification of schools’ recruiting success. There are many ways of going about this, but the method I chose is to look at the factors that drive recruits (in this case: distance between recruit and school, being in a BCS conference, teams’ winning percentages (over previous 3 seasons), prestige rating, being in the same state, being a private school (which tend to recruit nationally; also: a nice Notre Dame/USC fudge factor)) and see if you can predict how many recruits will choose a given school. The relative weights of each of those variables can be optimized by testing with a large dataset (in this case: the Rivals 250 lists from 2006-2011). End result: probabilities of every recruit attending each school; sum them up and you have a forecasted recruiting haul over the same 2006-2011 period for every college.

And then you have the actual recruiting haul by all of those schools to compare to the model. Some schools do better, some do worse—and so I arrive at my harsh judgment: the three Techs (sorry Louisiana Tech, I left you out of this one) compose three of the bottom six slots for underperformers, with Georgia Tech last of all.

While their recruiting has been subpar, their actual football playing has been pretty solid, and to the extent that a history of winning is a strong predictor of future recruiting, these schools are victims of their own on-field success. Until last season, Georgia Tech hadn’t had a losing season since 1996. Virginia Tech and Texas Tech haven’t had losing seasons since 1992, with the former having been consistently elite in that timeframe. Although GT and TT both took steps back last year, as shown in the table below, in the time frame of the analysis all three schools did pretty well by the metric of their ranking from Sagarin’s predictor algorithm (which rather than mere winning percentage includes strength of schedule and margin of victory/defeat).

Final Sagarin Predictor Ranking
Year Georgia Tech Texas Tech Virginia Tech
2006 36 26 19
2007 57 20 11
2008 45 12 23
2009 12 18 3
2010 64 55 13

To cut to the chase, my model forecasts that 35 (out of 120) teams will bring in 12 or more Rivals 250 recruits (or 2 per year on average from 2006-2011). Of these 35, only 6 schools failed to yield 50% as many recruits as forecasted—the three Techs, West Virginia (a big-time underrecruiter), Missouri, and Wisconsin (see table below). The bottom three in terms of differential between forecasted and actual results are GT, West Virginia, and VT (in that order).

Actual vs. Modeled Yield of Rivals 250 Recruits, 2006-2011
School Actual Forecasted Differential Percent Yield
Georgia Tech 13 44.62 -31.62 29.13%
West Virginia 10 30.45 -20.45 32.84%
Missouri 7 19.44 -12.44 36.00%
Wisconsin 9 19.81 -10.81 45.42%
Texas Tech 7 15.40 -8.40 45.45%
Virginia Tech 15 32.73 -17.73 45.83%

The three Tech schools have something further in common: unlike the other three schools they are in football-heavy states and in good proximity to other recruit-heavy locales. This is somewhat less true for TT and VT which reside on the western and northern edges, respectively, of the Texas-ACC/SEC corridor than for GT, which is located in the corridor’s epicenter, but regardless these three teams are located in top-10 states for producing top recruits, as shown in the table below. Note that in comparison the states of West Virginia, Missouri, and Wisconsin rank tied-41st, 22nd, and tied-30th, respectively.

Number of Rivals 250 Recruits by State, 2006-2011
Rank State # Recruits
1 Florida 221
2 Texas 200
3 California 187
4 Georgia 101
5 Ohio 78
6 Pennsylvania 57
7 Louisiana 55
8 Alabama 53
t-9 South Carolina 48
t-9 Virginia 48

To sum up: the three Techs win often and consistently, reside in rich recruiting grounds, but fail to bring in their share of top-level recruits. It’s important to point out that this "failure" could also be a symptom not of being turned down by recruits but by either consistently overperforming or better evaluating prospects (and hence not wasting resources going after a few high-profile recruits), but I don’t think this fully explains the gaps.

A naïve interpretation would be that these "tech" schools push recruits away for academic reasons. While VT and GT, in particular, are nationally-regarded engineering schools, that is not all they do, nor is it the case that they only going after highly-motivated science-oriented student-athletes. According to the most recent NCAA academic progress rate statistics (APR), VT received a mediocre 940 and GT a better-than-most (but not in the upper echelon) 967. To corroborate my analysis of VT’s student-athlete threshold, I will merely say "Marcus Vick". Texas Tech, which doesn’t quite have the national reputation of GT or VT, received an APR score of 944 (a point out of 6th place in the Big 12 last year).

So it’s not any sort of academic obstacle to pursuing all the recruits at these schools’ disposal. What about other connotations associated with tech schools? Perhaps the lack of females? Maybe we have something here. The table below shows the male:female ratio at the three Tech schools versus their respective conference average (note: I included Colorado and Nebraska in the Big 12 for this).

Male:Female Ratio at Tech Schools
School Ratio Conference Avg.
Georgia Tech 2.33 1.11
Texas Tech 1.27 1.04
Virginia Tech 1.38 1.11

Does the lack of women at these schools dissuade recruits? Even the most skilled recruiting host can’t disguise such a dearth of females during an on-campus visit. Well, let’s be honest, I doubt this tells the whole story, but I bet it isn’t irrelevant either. More than simply a gender numbers issue, I speculate that these high ratios are both caused by and contribute to a certain campus culture. I wonder if high-profile recruits are less likely to feel like a BMOC when they visit the Tech schools due to this culture. But I’ll leave any further analysis on this front to those with more sociological chops than myself. These schools definitely stand out as outliers; I’d love more insight on these schools’ recruiting philosophies and successes from some fans who know these schools well.

I hate to knock schools that have done a pretty good job of winning. So I’ll close with a final stat that demonstrates the superior importance of coaching over recruiting rankings—average win percentage over the same time frame as the 2006-2010 recruiting classes for the six ACC schools with the largest number of high-profile recruits.

Don't Knock the Beamer
College # Rivals 250 Recruits, 2006-2010 Avg. Win Pct. 2006-2010
Florida State 46 0.604
Miami (FL) 42 0.545
Clemson 31 0.590
North Carolina 21 0.486
Virginia Tech 14 0.765
Georgia Tech 12 0.624

Edit: I meant to reference Purdue as another school that while not "tech" by name is similarly engineering and male-heavy. A commenter pointed out Texas A&M and Oklahoma (A&M) State as well. Purdue fits very well into the category of the Tech schools mentioned (under-recruits, high male:female ratio) while A&M and Oklahoma State are a mixed bag--neither is particularly male heavy, and OK St. actually recruits quite well. A&M is a big underperformer but they seem to be on the upswing. If anyone is aware of any other male & engineering heavy I-A schools, let me know.

College Actual Forecasted Percent Yield Male:Female Ratio
Purdue 0 10.58 0.00% 1.38
Oklahoma State 15 5.94 252.46% 1.04
Texas A&M 18 31.09 57.90% 1.08

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Great stuff, Tom. Thanks for putting this together.

by Drew Dunlevie on May 5, 2011 1:22 PM CDT reply actions  

You’re on your way to internet stardom, Tom.

by Alok on May 5, 2011 1:48 PM CDT reply actions  

Also does your model account for herpes? If you want to analyze TT recruiting, your model should probably account for herpes.

by Alok on May 5, 2011 1:54 PM CDT reply actions  

I think your model does not account for coaching bias. For example, Coach Beamer may only go after lower-starred athletes because his system is defense and special teams. As such, it may be better to look at rejected offers rather than committed offers. Rejected offers represent failed attempts, rather than your model which equates rejected offers with simple non-pursuit.

by Chase on May 5, 2011 2:39 PM CDT reply actions  

Interesting stuff.
 
I think I have some answers for you.
 
2 of the 3 schools you cite run or ran contrarian offenses and thus define offensive recruiting talent differently from their primary competitors.
 
Former Tech WR Eric Morris is a one or two star athlete at LSU. He has four star productivity in Lubbock. The NFL has no use for that variety of productivity because of the system requirements and that’s why he’s playing his pro ball in Canada (translation – now he’s back in Tech’s O). You can play a similar game with Tech QBs, RBs, OL.
 
Similarly, Georgia Tech’s requirements on the OL, at QB, WR, and at RB are very different from their competitors running their triple option offense.
 
As for Virginia Tech, a significant portion of their roster (like 35-40% of their guys) spent a year at Hargrave, Fork Union, or Duquesne). Beamer then, almost without fail, redshirts these guys the next year at Tech. In effect, Virginia Tech then fields a roster of 20 year olds with four years of eligibility remaining. This is huge.
 
Take a look at their roster http://www.hokiesports.com/football/players/?sort=EXP,LastName
 
Look at all of the guys with the little 1, 2, 3 right after their name. They’re prep school school kids. Now look to see how frequently Tech redshirts by looking at the eligiblity classification.
  
The liberal use of prep schools has three relevant effects – first, non-qualifiers are generally penalized under recruiting rankings. Fans have an interest in likely qualifiers. There is no fanbase for Navarro JUCO compared to Notre Dame that the gurus need to satisfy. A realistic set of national recruiting rankings that focused purely on talent would have a reasonable portion of the athletes going JUCO. Yet you generally only see a small handful. There’s a reason for this. They cater to likely qualifiers.
 
Second, a prep school takes them off of the recruiting map for a year and the recruiting ranking guys don’t do the simple math of what redshirt year means to a player’s development (Example: 3 star Florida kid goes to Hargrave. He leaves Hargave as a 3 star. Yet, he now has a year of seniority and development over his current crop. Still think he’s a relative 3 star?)
 
Basically, we’re talking about a high school redshirting program. Virginia Tech’s guys are older, more physically developed, and more mature. And as for your Marcus Vick example, Virginia Tech does a pretty nice job of getting some pretty sketchy characters qualified.
 
Anyway, those are the things that strike me as more meaningful than male/female ratios etc.
 
BTW, do you need help linking? I’d love to see some of the source materials.

by Scipio Tex on May 5, 2011 2:55 PM CDT reply actions  

Another factor to consider is that Texas Tech isn’t located all that close to where the athletes actually are. Saying a school is in Texas doesn’t have much meaning when the state talent pool (and population) resides in a narrow band that stretches from Dallas to San Antonio to the East Texas border. 2/3 of the physical geography of the state is more or less useless with respect to top flight athlete production. Tech sits squarely in the middle of the non-productive portion.
 
Even given that fact, it’s instructive that since Leach’s departure, Tuberville has been recruiting athletes to Tech of a quality we haven’t seen in a long time. More conventional schemes plus a staff that sees talent acquisition as more important than scheme means Tech recruiting rankings are about to tick up considerably.

by Scipio Tex on May 5, 2011 3:03 PM CDT reply actions  

This is fascinating stuff.

Another interesting analysis shows a pretty fascinating corollary. Virginia Tech and Georgia Tech have been getting players drafted into the NFL at a rate that diverges (positively) from their recruiting rankings in a pretty meaningful way. On the other end of the spectrum, Texas Tech has had a lot fewer guys drafted than their recruiting rankings would suggest. And I would be remiss if I didn’t point out that Texas A&M and Oklahoma State, while not big-T technical colleges, are more or less in that category. And they are two of the worst schools at producing NFL draft picks given the raw materials they have had to work with, as measured by recruiting rankings.

http://collegefootballmatrix.wordpress.com/articles-2/the-bestworst-of-recruiting-developing-nfl-draft-picks/

Certainly scheme choices, talent evaluation, coaching and other factors (like the VaTech prep recruiting) make this a complicated issue to analyze, but it they also make it an ideal area for semi-informed speculation. And we all know that is the fuel that runs the internets.

by RedmondLonghorn on May 5, 2011 3:17 PM CDT reply actions  

My favorite part of this post is that Texas Tech is unironically treated as a “technical school” on par with Georgia Tech and Virginia Tech. Why not throw MIT, Cal Tech and DeVry into the mix as well?

by BrickHorn on May 5, 2011 4:12 PM CDT reply actions  

Brick -
 
He points out in the post that Texas Tech isn’t in V-Tech or G-Tech’s academic range. He just does it nicely.
  
Thus it did not register on you, as you enjoy cruelty.

by Scipio Tex on May 5, 2011 4:15 PM CDT reply actions  

Thus it did not register on you, as you enjoy cruelty.

Very true. It was a good post, Tom, even if you missed a golden opportunity for a scorched earth campaign of belittling a conference rival.

by BrickHorn on May 5, 2011 4:20 PM CDT reply actions  

Tom is a staunch supporter of Penn State, Princeton and Stanford, hence his ignorance of places like Muleshoe.

by Drew Dunlevie on May 5, 2011 4:38 PM CDT reply actions  

Scipio’s explanation seems like the most logical answer. The recruiting guru’s have a hard enough time getting high school game film graded properly. Asking them to actually rate a kid’s ability given the "system" he commits to is at least 10 years out if ever. I think this shows more of a flaw in the rivals star rankings than it does the recruiting ability of these 3 "Tech" schools.

In Texas Tech’s case they had 5 Rivals 250 players, with 2 of those never making it on campus and averaged .711 over that time period.

by Tim on May 5, 2011 5:21 PM CDT reply actions  

That was an excellent read Tom, thanks for putting that together.

Scipio, isn’t Kansas St. under Snyder effectively doing the same thing as Beamer does by loading up on older athletes too sketchy to be signed by the power schools?

When I compare that strategy to the dismal results of Barnes’ recruiting philosophy of the last half-decade I see a certain genius in it. Having solid-good players who develop together within a system for multiple seasons is a far better route to sustained excellence than loading up on talented kids who leave early to do their developing where they get paid for it. I suspect the fact that kids can’t leave too early for the NFL to be the main reason more coaches aren’t pursuing the Beamer/Snyder course of action.
Mack can get away with having the best NFL prospects because the occassions when they leave early and screw over Title-opportunities are fewer than in basketball.

by Nickel Rover on May 5, 2011 6:11 PM CDT reply actions  

Tom – welcome to the blog. Enjoyed this. I see you as the Freakonomics guy. Here’s some data, now let’s contextualize. Please keep it coming.

by Tarvish McDonough on May 5, 2011 6:16 PM CDT reply actions  

Tom – I dug this. You should get to Lubbock a least once or twice. Some real honeys up there.

Never been to Blacksburh and the ATL is the ATL.

What other recruitostats have you conjured up?

by Isaacam Newton on May 5, 2011 8:07 PM CDT reply actions  

I’ve believed GaTech to be a under-rated destination for a up & coming coach for quite a while. It’s in the middle of downtown Atlanta (strong hip-hop & urban culture), can be sold as a premier academic choice, surrounded by HS talent, has a wealthy fanbase looking for an excuse to get energized, plays in an AQ conference that it ripe for a dominant team, solid program and tradition, etc.

With a Mack Brown, GaTech could be an absolute force. Some young & capable coach will figure it out eventually. Or the Bees will hire a capable AD.

by Matt Cotcher on May 6, 2011 11:12 AM CDT reply actions  

It should also be pointed out that the Tech in Texas Tech is not short for Texas Technical University, while both Ga Tech and Va Tech are actual Technical schools. Texas Tech started out as Texas Technological College in 1923 and voted to change to Texas Tech University in 1969.

by Jeff S on May 6, 2011 11:49 AM CDT reply actions  

Tom,

Good write-up and I’ve touched on the answers to this issue a few times on the Tortilla Retort. I’ve followed Texas Tech recruiting religiously since the mid-80s and here are a few factors that contribute to our amazing winning record streak:

1. Population growth in Texas – In the late 80s, there might be 6 or 7 recruits in the entire state who weighed over 250 lbs. There were only enough big guys for maybe one or two programs to field competitive trench players, and at that time, Jackie Sherrill was paying them to go to A&M. The rest went to Texas. Tech, Baylor, TCU, SMU, Rice, etc. were all signing 220-lb development projects for the OL and DL. If you go watch a Trinity, Allen or Southlake game today, all 15 OL starters typically exceed 250 lbs and there are at least 100 guys that big running around statewide with D-I potential. In 1990, the population of Texas was 17 million. Today, there are 25 million people in the state, or 47% growth from 20 years ago. Tech also has grown significantly not only in student enrollment, but also in the amount of living graduates. Only Texas matches the number of alumni that Tech has living in the Metroplex. By default of being the 3rd largest state school in a state that is 3 times the size of Alabama, you are going to get a share of the talent regardless of the coach. Outside of the top 30 players in the state, there isn’t as big a perceived talent gap between number 31 and number 171. And often times, the top 30 listed by Rivals aren’t necessarily the top 30.

2. Coaching – I never consider Spike or Leach good recruiters by any means, but good coaches. In Spike’s time in the Big 12, he faced John Mackovic, R.C. Slocum, John Blake, Howard Schnellenberger, Bob Simmons, and the revolving door at Baylor. His fortunes changed a bit when Mack Brown and Bob Stoops entered the picture. Mike Leach was the right guy at the right time with the right system. Given that office hours began at noon for Leach, he typically conceded 1000 extra hours per year in recruiting time to regional competitors. That won’t work on the recruiting trail anywhere, much less Lubbock. However, given his tactical advantages, he was able to find systematic talent to utilize against inferior coaching. He wasn’t very successful against Mack Brown or Bob Stoops, but against Fran, Les Miles, Gundy and the still revolving door at Baylor, the schematical advantages were largely sufficient given their talent base. Once, everyone started running a spread offense, it was apparent these tactical advantages were dwindling after his top-tier talent departed, at least against South opponents. However, between Spike’s method of fielding a top 20 defense and running the ball enough to land Doak Walker winners every 3 or 4 years, and Leach’s method of fielding a top 5 offense with systematic advantages and no defense, it seemed fairly easy cruising to winning seasons for the last 20 years given factor #1. I would also argue that it isn’t near as hard as perceived to have a winning program and recruit successfully at Tech. Tuberville seems to be proving my recruiting assumptions, but Wes Kittley’s track program is an even better example. If you can recruit nationally elite talent to run track in the West Texas wind, then you should damn sure be able to get football players here to play in a bowled stadium or basketball players in a gym.

by dedfischer on May 8, 2011 7:42 AM CDT reply actions  

Sidenote: Spike was 2-1 against Stoops and Brown, but I made the assumption that wasn’t going to translate down the road.

by dedfischer on May 8, 2011 7:56 AM CDT reply actions  

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